Projects & Participants

IDENTIFICATION OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA USING ARTIFICAL NEURAL NETWORKS

This project is a live one as it has ability to identify the class of cardiac signal and thus solves the problem of misinterpretation of the ECG signals. According to a report when the same ECG signal was introduced to different doctors as well as to the same doctor repeated number of times, the prediction was different every time. Such wrong interpretation may be life threatening and makes it difficult to predict a future strokes. The hardware is an initiative towards solving this problem as well as complete automisation of biomedical devices.

We take the concept of neural network that learns these patterns of cardiac problems and identifies whenever a new pattern comes. This also adds one more advantage of predicting a signal which is not the trained database. Thus even if a peculiar signal comes the hardware can direct the doctor in a particular way where he must focus his interpretation. The main and most significant feature of this system is scalability i.e. more than one solar panel`s can be guided with this system.

More over one can include much advancement such as the hardware after detecting can also suggest initial steps and cautions for treatment as well as suggestions for medications. Telemetry, portable system and varied analysis ability are some other features that can be included in this project with further research work.

For industry: Industries have good prospects of business as it provides a new range of ECG machines which itself is a ‘doctor of hearts’. Also they can fund for further research work so that a new range of products could be launched in the market which have the concept of automisation, a revolution in biomedical analysis.
For society: Moreover more than 30 million ECGs are taken each year worldwide most of which interpreted just on experience. Estimate the chances of misinterpretation? A devices fully automised and meeting the requirements of international standards of biomedical equipments can save millions of lives. This project is not just a paper work it’s a solution to the problem.

THE DARK NET

Nowadays, it is an increasingly known fact that Internet is the backbone for everything. However at the same time, we know that India (developing countries in general) continues to face the challenge of how to increase internet access to rural and remote areas. Furnishing Remote areas with internet facility is the background of our project

Communication companies are highly hesitant to provide internet to these areas due to high infra-structure costs, less population density and ability of people residing in these areas to pay for internet. ‘The Dark Net’ is an innovative product idea that we have come up with to solve this problem

We attach Wi-Fi devices to public buses, trucks etc. They act as movable carriers of internet between rural villages and internet hubs as these buses, trucks travel through rural and remote areas. We have written our own software which provides access to e-mails, news, rss feeds, and internet browsing etc by talking to these Wi-Fi devices. The specialty of our custom software is that, it can store the mails, news etc offline for people to use later/offline. So, when these Wi-Fi buses, trucks etc cross these villages, our software will download the daily news, mails etc to the user which he/she can read later. Also, any e-mail etc that he/she wants to send through Internet also will happen when these Wi-Fi buses, trucks crosses his/her village. In addition, our software stores the media in a highly compressed format which takes very little space as compared to the original sizes. Our product uses a new hybrid technology where we combine traditional communication and physical transportation infrastructures for the first time

FOOT WEAR SANITISER

OUR PROJECT WAS UNDERTAKEN TO MAINTAIN A HYGENIC ENVIRONMENT AND CREATE AWARENESS. IT IS USED IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE AND OTHER OFFICES. IT IS ALSO DESIGNED FOR HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES.

The Problem Definition: TO CONTROL THE DISEASES SPREAD THROUGH UNSEEN MICROBES PRESENT IN FOOTWEARS. Description of the Solution: OUR PROJECT IS ONE OF THE STEP TAKEN TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF DISEASES THROUGH THE FOOTWARE. WE HAVE DESIGNED A MODEL WHICH CLEANS FOOTSOLES USING POWERFUL DISINFECTANT AND THICH BRISTLES

How does it solve the problem and the benefits to the industry and society: OUR COUNTRY IS FACING LOT OF EPIDEMICS DUE UNHYGENIC ENVIRONMENT. KEEPING THIS IN MIND WE HAVE UNDERTAKEN THIS PROJECT AS A SOLUTION TO THE ABOVE MENTIONED PROBLEM. WE HAVE DESIGNED THE ADVANCED MODEL TO REACH OUT TO THE MASS, WHICH IMPROVES THE HYGENIC CONDITION IN THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. THERE ARE A LOT OF PEOPLE WORKING IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRY. EACH OF THEM REQUIRE A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT TO WORK AND SUSTAIN. MICROBES CAN ENTER THESE CIVIL PLACE IN ANY FORM.

OUR IDEA IS TO MINIMIZE THE HEALTH RISKS CAUSED BY THE FOOTWEARS ENTERING THE PREMISES. ALL THE HOSPIRTALS USE STERILIZED MATERIALS IN ORDER TO AVOID INFECTION. BUT NO HOSPITAL OR HOTEL OR ONY OTHER OFFICES USE A DEVICE TO CLEAN THE FOOTSOLES WHICH CARRY MAJOR MICROBES.

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF THREE CYLINDER ROTARY PNEUMATIC ENGINE MICROCONTROLLER

ROBOTIC COCONUT TREE CLIMBER

Coconut tree is the most cultivated plant and is the main part of our food and culture. Now people especially in Kerala are facing shortage of coconut. The main reason behind this is the shortage of coconut tree climber and other efficient mechanism to harvest coconut. Due to this reason common people and farmers cannot harvest enough coconut for the need.

The Problem Definition: Generally coconut climbers are from economically backward class of the society. Mostly the whole family of the coconut climber depends on his income. If any accident occurs while climbing the tree, these families suffer for the rest of their life as coconut climbing is the only source of income. Also there is a shortage of coconut tree climber at all times of the year that leads to low harvest of coconuts. Deficit coconuts supply leads to high prices due to heavy demand of coconuts in India especially in Kerala. It is the most important ingredient for every household and rituals.

Description of the Solution: Designing a machine which can climb a tree and pluck coconut is one good solution. This project aims at building a semi automated robot coconut tree climber to climb a coconut tree. It has a user operated robotic hand to cut coconuts. The user can monitor the coconut bunches from the ground with the help of a camera fitted with the robotic hand of the coconut climber robot. The design is user friendly and operates in any conditions. The design is fast and eco-friendly as it doesn t cause any damage to tree or its habitat. We are implementing a system which satisfies all the above mentioned criterions.
How does it solve the problem and the benefits to the industry and society: It is very simple to operate. Even an uneducated person can operate this without any confusion. By using this machine we can avoid the accidents occurring to coconut tree climbers which cause heavy damage to their families. Since this is a new product which will have huge demand in market, we expect several industries come front into the manufacturing domain. This will indirectly provide employment for many people. It will also result in flourishing of coconut related industries.

UNMANNED ARMED VEHICLE

In the recent years, there were many attacks by terrorists in our country. Every time terrorists strike many innocent people and security persons are killed. The question naturally arises how to save the lives and carry out antiterrorist operation without the direct face to face intervention of security forces against terrorists. Deployment of human controlled robots would be of great advantage in such critical situation. However, most of the existing human controlled (manual) robots use radio frequency (RF) which have limited range for its operation and hence cannot be maneuvered from very long distance. In order to address this problem, the present project uses mobile phone and 3G technology to control the robot from any part of the world. The advantage of the 3G technology is the faster data rate and video calling.

Description of the Solution: As described in the problem there is a need to increase the range of the controlled robot. In this project the range is increased by using the commonly available 3G GSM networks. Unlike RF controlled, this project is based on controlling the robot using mobile phone through DTMF signals. The uniqueness of this robot is that its ability to give live video feed to the controllers mobile through 3G video calling services provided by a 3G network in conjunction with a 3G network compatible mobile phone. Also the remote controls of the RF robots are quite complex and needs some amount of dexterity in controlling them accurately. But, the mobile phone is commonly used device and any person can control the robot s operation with ease. In addition to the solution of the problem statement, the robot is equipped with features which are mentioned below.
Description of the Solution: As described in the problem there is a need to increase the range of the controlled robot. In this project the range is increased by using the commonly available 3G GSM networks. Unlike RF controlled, this project is based on controlling the robot using mobile phone through DTMF signals. The uniqueness of this robot is that its ability to give live video feed to the controllers mobile through 3G video calling services provided by a 3G network in conjunction with a 3G network compatible mobile phone. Also the remote controls of the RF robots are quite complex and needs some amount of dexterity in controlling them accurately. But, the mobile phone is commonly used device and any person can control the robot s operation with ease. In addition to the solution of the problem statement, the robot is equipped with features which are mentioned below.
- The robot can traverse through all the rough terrains and it has a unique capability of climbing the steps. Hence places like hotels, buildings can be easily explored. - The robot is equipped with a gun. So, the enemy can be shot, once located. - The robot has night vision (IR), also a flash light hence it can explore the dark areas easily. - The robot is equipped with a small arm which is controlled manually by the human operator. The arm can be used to diffuse bombs which are planted. - The robot has metal detector. In case a landmine is detected the robot steps back. - The robot can avoid obstacles and propagate autonomously using IR sensors.

FINGER STRENGTH MEASUREMENT DEVICE

Now a day s most of the people are suffering from diseases like diabetes, carpal tunnel syndrome etc that mostly affect the intrinsic hand muscles strength. Survey says that twenty percent of all ER admissions are hand related. Neuromuscular disorders like spinal cord injuries, diabetes all affect intrinsic hand muscles. These intrinsic hand muscles are known to permit humans to play piano or perform several tasks in dexterity and accuracy. Doctors are known to test the patient s finger strength normally by holding the hand in upward direction and moving it in different ways. This type of assessment, which is based on feel, lacks repeatability and fails to adjust for small hands or unique morphologies. Allegedly, the evaluation was through the experience, nothing scientific. There are currently no measurement systems available. So it is important to have an accurate finger strength measurement system. Here is the significance of our project. This project is hoping to give the physicians a more useful and diagnostic tool.

The Problem Definition: CTS is a medical condition in which the median nerve is compressed at the wrist, leading to paresthesias, numbness and muscle weakness in the hand. The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel, a canal in the wrist that is surrounded by bone on three side, and a transverse a carpal ligament on the fourth. The median nerve can be compressed by decrease in the size of the canal, an increase in the size of the contents (such as the swelling of lubrication tissue around the flexor tendons) or both. Simply flexing the wrist to 90 degrees will decrease the size of the canal. Patients may not note that they drop things . It is unclear if CTS creates problems holding things, but it does decrease sweating which decreases friction between an object and skin. CTS may be genetic or work related or due to psychosocial factors. As there are currently no measurement systems available for Finger Strength. So it is important to have an accurate finger strength measurement system. Here is the significance of our project.

Description of the Solution: A device that measures intrinsic hand muscle strength is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of hand injuries and neurological disorders, including carpal tunnel syndrome. The principle used here is that neuromuscular disorders like spinal cord injuries, diabetes-all these affect the intrinsic hand muscles. If we are immobilizing the subject s hand and applying a force to the finger we can easily measure how strong the finger muscles are. the device has three elements: a hardboard, a force sensor and a pic microcontroller circuit custom-programmed to capture measurements. The measured force is converted to useful data using a microcontroller based analysis circuit.In this finger strength measurement system we use immobilizers to isolate the patient s fingers. Once the fingers are immobilized, the test subject can only move the required finger. A loop is fitted around the finger and when the patient moves it, the amount of force generated is measured. This is then given to the pic controlled system for recording, analysis and display. The pic circuit is programmed in such a way that it compares the measured force with standard preset values and display whether the patient is normal or having neurological disorders. Then the doctor can create a patient-specific file with all their information time-stamped and record every single measurement.

How does it solve the problem and the benefits to the industry and society: Finger Strength Measurement is a device which measures the finger strength which aids in the diagnosis of various disorders like Diabetes, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome etc. This project is giving the physicians a more useful and diagnostic tool. This is a simple measurement system which is very easy to operate. The principle used here is also very simple. If we are immobilizing the subject s hand and applying a force to the finger we can easily measure how strong the finger muscles are. The device has three elements: hardboard, a force sensor and a pic microcontroller circuit custom-programmed to capture measurements. The measured force is converted to useful data using a microcontroller based analysis circuit. In this finger strength measurement system we use immobilizers to isolate the patient s fingers. Once the fingers are immobilized, the test subject can only move the required finger. A loop is fitted around the finger and when the patient moves it, the amount of force generated is measured. This is then given to the pic controlled system for recording, analysis and display. The pic circuit is programmed in such a way that it compares the measured force with standard preset values and display whether the patient is normal or having neurological disorders. The system is provided with audible alert also. This measurement system can also be used by the patient himself/herself. This system is portable and is non-invasive technique. The major application is that the patient himself can analyse the treatment response from home itself. He need not have to go to the hospital for checking this weekly or monthly ie, by using this system we can monitor and also manage the treatment. Thus this measurement system can be said as user-friendly.

AUTOMATED SMART SOWING MACHINE FOR PORT TRAYS (AGRI ROBOT)

India is the 2nd largest producer of vegetable crops in the world. In conventional agricultural practices, cultivation of vegetables is done by sowing seeds in the open field which has the major disadvantages ; o Low germination percentage leads to wastage of precious seeds as they are costly, say Rs.10, 000 for hybrid seeds. o Low germination percentage creates gap in the field which declines the total yield. o Even if gaps are filled, there will be no uniformity of crops, making harvesting a difficult process. The researchers in the agricultural field have found poly house farming as an alternative to overcome the above disadvantages. Poly houses are framed structures covered with transparent or a translucent material, as shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2 It is large enough to grow crops under partial or fully controlled environmental conditions to get maximum productivity and quality produce. Polyethylene/ plastic film covered greenhouses are widely used.

Poly house cultivation ensures high productivity per unit area with the genetic potentiality of the crop being fully exploited. Off season vegetables can be grown which fetch high prices in the market. It is easy to protect the crops against pests, diseases and extreme climatic conditions. Productivity is manifold in greenhouses in comparison to growing the vegetables in open field. The table shows the performance of tomato varieties under poly house and open field conditions in NEH region (Barapani).

Advantages of containers (Port tray) in greenhouse/ polyhouse production o Increase in production capacity by reducing crop time. o High quality of the greenhouse product o Uniformity in plant growth with good vigor. o Provide quick take off with little or no transplanting shock. o Easy maintenance of sanitation in greenhouse. o Easy to handle, grade and shift or for transportation. o Better water drainage and aeration in pot media. o Easy to monitor chemical characteristics and plant nutrition with advanced irrigation systems like drips. In poly house farming, port trays are used as containers in which seeds are sown. Port trays are available in different sizes with varying number of cups. The punching of soil filled cups of port tray and placing single seed in it, is still being done manually!!??….

The Problem Definition: In the present scenario, the process of farming in poly houses is a tedious task as the punching and sowing of seeds is being carried out manually. The constraints associated with this process are, o Manual seeding requires the laborers and there is a scarcity of laborers nowadays. o Most of the laborers demand high wages. o Since hired laborers work irresponsibly, there is a tendency of the laborer to sow more than one seed in a cup, which leads to wastage of seeds. o Even trained laborers consume more time to sow a single seed in each cup, thereby making the process too slow. The only solution to overcome these drawbacks is to automate the process of sowing single seed in a cup in order to avoid the wastage of seeds and hence reduce the process time. In automating this process, instrumentation and control plays a vital role which is the inspiration to take up this project work. The intention of this project work is to implement the innovative idea to help the agriculturists to reduce both the cost as well as the process time by automating the entire process. Robot is an integral part of this intended automated system as they are programmable and consequently capable of performing a wide variety of tasks in precise manner.

INTELLIGENT ROBOTIC ARM FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED

Researchers spend their valuable time in inventing novel methods to impede the disabilities of physically impaired. Previously developed devices were not that effective to make the needy feel relieved from all his necessities. Some tasks like signing the documents and writing with his own hand writing are impossible. Can any invention take up these jobs of a disabled ? With this question prickling our minds, we came up with this invention of the intelligent robotic arm

The Problem Definition: Physically impaired people find hard to subsist in this challenging world. But their talents have to be valued and respected, so that they will be able to come out of their shells. Here is an invention to provide comfort to handicapped and visually disabled to convey their thoughts through pen and paper. The gist of the technology invented here is to couple human voice with the intelligent robotic arm.

Description of the Solution: Our aim is to make the arm trace the letters in accordance with the speech. We require a speech analyzer to convert human speech into text and text is processed further into digital data. Microcontrollers work with digital inputs. So the speech has to be converted into digital string. Arm movement can be brought up with pulley and stepper motors. For this, each alphabet, number or a special character is to be represented by a unique values, so called as fonts , and fed into a memory. And motor carries out the activity in relation to those values. And we need a microcontroller to take up memory and control activities. We use 3 degrees of freedom design for X, Y and Z axis motion. The degrees of freedom (DOF) of the manipulator or the arm are distributed into sub assemblies of each axis. The values of the equations are stored in the memory of the micro controller and are sent to motors corresponding to the incoming text. Hence not only one, but also many styles of writing can be brought up by a single system by feeding their corresponding equation values

How does it solve the problem and the benefits to the industry and society: Inventions made so far didn t prove a great amount of benefit to them. The working model proposed here is much novel and proves to be a well-worn technology. The central notion is to design a robotic arm that writes upon dictation. This not only assists disabled persons, but also supports people who need a proxy for their hand writing. This technique is more practical and shows best results. The proposed model can be efficiently applied for all categories of people, more specifically physically challenged. The world itself is becoming automated and hence we are forced to go forward by leaps and bounds across the technology to make up a better living. This technology would surely assist such escalating advancements, not only made by normal people but also for the disabled.

OPEN SPACE ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENT USING BINORMALIZED DATA – REUSING LMS ALGORITHM

The aim of the project is to develop a system, which can be used in the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) testing of electronic equipments in a large scale manufacturing industry. Here it is proposed to carry out the EMC test in open space along with a noise cancellation algorithm, instead of doing it inside an anechoic chamber

The Problem Definition: The problem in the existing strategy of EMC testing with the help of an anechoic chamber is that, it restricts the size of Device Under Test to a limited value, which is dependent on the dimensions of anechoic chamber. Also it has a severe disadvantage that the complexity involved in the construction and maintenance of anechoic chamber is high, with huge capital investment.

Description of the Solution: Our project aims to solve the above mentioned problems in two steps. The first step is to carry out the signal acquisition process in open space which is free from reflective metal surfaces. This will lead to signal contamination with the ambient noises present in the atmosphere. Some of the frequently encountered ambient noises are cell phone signals, TVRO signals, FM signals, etc., Thus we have introduced the second step to remove the entire unintended signal from the required EMI signal. This is achieved by adaptive filtering the captured signal. The Binormalized Data Reusing LMS (BDLMS) algorithm is used for adaptive filtering because its convergence speed is higher than the other traditional LMS algorithms with lesser static error value.

How does it solve the problem and the benefits to the industry and society: The typical measurement system which is used presently with the help of anechoic chamber is shown in Fig 3. The major disadvantages of this present system are stated in the previous section. These disadvantages are rectified by the following procedure.

VOICE OPERATED WHEELCHAIR FOR DISABLED

It is consumer & business oriented project mainly for disable people

Description of the Solution: Before disabled persons are dependent on others to move but using this technology they can survive on their own

How does it solve the problem and the benefits to the industry and society: It is of minimum cost and will be useful to the disabled person

GESTURE BASED WHEEL CHAIR CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PHYSICALLY – CHALLENGED

Among us are a class of disabled people unfortunate enough to have lost the ability to move their limbs due to a significant amount of paralysis in the regions below their neck i.e. they are confined to a motorized wheelchair for locomotion. These physically-challenged persons are generally referred to as quadriplegics . The existing technologies, such as joystick-based controllers and keypad-based controllers, are not sufficiently customizable to deal with different degrees of disability. Aiming to address these defects, we arrived at a fully-customizable gesture-recognition-based wheelchair control system that is built in the most simple and economical way possible

The Problem Definition: There are a large number of people in the world with debilitating physical disabilities, who experience significant difficulties in performing even very basic tasks such as locomotion, speaking, writing etc. A fair amount of their discomfort can be attributed to the fact that most equipment that they have to use is neither well-designed, nor suited for use by the physically challenged.

Description of the Solution: The quadriplegics often retain some imprecise motion of their fingers, though they may find it difficult to exert any sort of force or leverage. Therefore, the best option is a gesture-based interaction with their environment, in particular their wheelchairs.

How does it solve the problem and the benefits to the industry and society: Our proposed system uses a small camera mounted very close to the quadriplegic s hand, which tracks the small movements of their fingers to understand where they wish to travel to. The recognition system is then interfaced to the wheelchair control system in order move it to the desired location. We are developing a robust, real-time vision-based hand gesture recognition engine reliable enough for steering a wheelchair. We have been able to successfully build and test a working prototype of our gesture-based solution for motorized wheelchairs aimed at quadriplegics. The gesture-based wheelchair control system we have developed can be broadly componentized under two categories based on whether the components are software or hardware. The two categories exist at various tiers in the system. For example, there is image processing and template matching MATLAB code running on the laptop (or, in the case of the final design, the Intel Atom -based embedded platform), and 8-bit PIC microcontroller embedded code for controlling the motors. Capturing the image of the gesture performed by the user of the wheelchair is done using an IR-camera and MATLAB . We use a normal inexpensive USB web-camera modified to become sensitive to infrared radiation. We are capturing the silhouettes of the gestures lit from the back using the IR-sensitive webcam mounted in front. These images are fed as inputs to the next module via the camera s USB interface. MATLAB can directly acquire images from the web-camera using its inbuilt functions. The captured images have to be processed to identify the gesture. The images may match with any of the predefined gestures viz., Forward, Reverse, Turn Left, Turn Right or Brake. The technique of template matching is used to identify the gestures. We store a set of four templates for each the defined commands. The captured images are pre-processed, converting them into black and white images. These binary images are correlated in real time with all the previously stored templates. The template with maximum correlation is identified. If the value of this correlation is greater than or equal to a pre-defined threshold, a successful validation occurs and messages are sent to the successive module. Once the gesture is identified by the gesture recognition code running in MATLAB , the motors have to be controlled by outputs taken by some means. To ensure universal compatibility and simplicity, we have used a stripped USB keyboard circuit for this purpose. The three indicator LEDs Num Lock, Caps Lock and Scroll Lock are taken to represent a 3-bit signal. This means a total of eight distinct combinations are possible. A DC motor can be directionally controlled using an H-bridge circuit. Two DC motors connected to rear wheels of the wheelchair have to be controlled to define its motion. As this wheelchair is implemented in the most economic method, it will be very cheap for the customers. Industrial benefits will include profit as well respect. Moreover since the product is a humanitarian oriented one, industry will receive social respect. Since the make of the wheelchair is planned in such a way that it is robust and real-time, customers will be very much satisfied. At present there is no solution for quadriplegics to have movement without external help. This product could eliminate the problem and will help the society better. Customizable feature of the product with configuration phase makes it easier for any person using it. She/he can store that gestures that the person finds comfortable. After the configuration phase, those gestures will be taken as commands to drive the wheelchair. Non-intrusive nature of the product will cause little disturbance for the users because of the illumination below their gesture producing platform.

Face Recognition using Invariant Fourier Wavelet Descriptor

INTRODUCTION :- Older security mechanisms employed person s possession (key) or person s knowledge (password) as a way to secure their property, but the disadvantage with these security systems is that mechanical objects like key can be duplicated and security passwords can be hacked, so privacy can be lost. The later systems used both possession and knowledge (ATM) but this was found to be insecure in some cases. As security is a major concern in many areas biometrics can be more effective. Among biometrics, face recognition has gained importance due to its appealing characteristics. Face recognition (FR) is the preferred mode of identity recognition amongst various biometrics since it is natural, robust and unintrusive. Many algorithms have been proposed to implement face recognition system based upon appearance or geometry or a combination of these two. The eigenface approach is accepted by many commercially available face recognition systems. This project emphasizes on Fourier-Wavelet Descriptor method which is not only translation, rotation and scaling invariant but also has multi-resolution matching ability.

In this project, a 2-D based invariant Fourier Wavelet descriptor for face recognition has been proposed. Though Fourier descriptor has been a powerful tool for pattern recognition, frequency information obtained from the Fourier descriptor is global and a local variation of the shape can affect all the Fourier coefficients. Wavelets are mathematical functions that split up data into different frequency components, and then analyze each component with a resolution matched to its scale. They have advantages over traditional Fourier methods in analyzing physical situations when the signal contains discontinuities and sharp spikes. But they are not translation invariant. But Fourier descriptor is translation invariant. Thus combining Fourier descriptor and Wavelet descriptor, a system is proposed which is not only invariant under translation, rotation and scaling but also has a multiresolution matching ability.

RESULT:- Robust face recognition is proposed which is invariant to rotation and has multiresolution capabilities. The recognition rate was calculated with a slight rotation of the faces in the database. The recognition rate for ORL database is found to be 97.5% for a database of 40 persons (10 samples/person), wherein 8 images are used as training images and the remaining 2 images of each person are used for testing. Recognition rate is found to be better if more number of samples of each person is taken for training.

DEFLUORIDATION OF DRINKING WATER USING INEXPENSIVE ACTIVATED CARBONS AS ADSORBENTS

Water is a chemical compound which is extremely useful to man, providing him the luxuries and comforts, in addition to fulfilling his basic necessities of life. It is necessary that the water required must be good, pure and it should not contain unwanted impurities, contaminants and chemical compounds. Fluoride is one such contaminant. Fluoride is a salt of the element fluorine, the most highly reactive element of halogen family. High concentration of fluorides which cause mottling of teeth initially and dental fluorosis diseases to crippling skeletal fluorosis with continued use of fluoride rich waters. Defluoridation is the only practicable option to overcome the problem of excessive fluoride in drinking water, where alternative source is not available. During the years following the discovery of fluoride as the cause of fluorosis, extensive research has been done on various methods for removal of fluoride from water. These methods are based on the Principle of Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Precipitation Coagulation, Membrane Separation Process, Electrolytic Defluoridation, Electro dialysis, etc. However due to high cost and lower efficiency or non-applicability on mass scale these techniques is not much in use. Hence in this present work, an attempt is made to remove the fluoride in drinking water using activated carbon prepared from inexpensive agro byproducts as adsorbents. Keywords: Fluoride, Activated carbon, Corn-cob, Activation, Defluoridation.

The Problem Definition: Defluoridation Of Drinking Water Using Inexpensive Activated Carbons As Adsorbents. In the present work an attempt is made to remove fluoride in drinking water in a column study using activated carbon prepared from an agro-based byproduct i.e. corn-cob with the following objectives, a) To prepare granular activated carbon from corn-cob.b) Optimization of operating condition for an effective treatment. c) To compare the effectiveness prepared low cost activated carbon and commercial activated carbon under identical experimental condition

Description of the Solution: Procurement of row materials for the preparation of inexpensive activated carbon from corn-cob was obtained from Venkateshwara Agro Products Pvt Ltd Gadag as precursor material. All the chemicals used were of AR grade.

Chemical Treatment (Impregnation with KOH) 15g of KOH pellets were dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water then the oven dried and cooled precursor material i.e. corn-cob granules were thoroughly mixed in the KOH solution in a beaker and kept on magnetic stirrer at 80 degree Celsius for 1 hour, then the beaker is taken out of the magnetic stirrer and cooled and washed 4 to5 times with distilled water till we get pH of washed water as 7. Then the washed precursor material is kept in the oven for 24 hours at 110 5 degree Celsius, after 24 hours the oven dried material were taken out of oven and kept in the muffle furnace for carbonization process at 800 degree Celsius for 2 hour. Then the materials were taken out and cooled and kept in a beaker which contains 0.2N HCl for 30 min at 80 degree Celsius on magnetic stirrer. After that once again the said material is washed with distilled water for 4 to 5 times or till we get pH of washed water as 7. Then the material is dried out and kept in a oven for 12 hours under 110 5 degree Celsius. Now activated carbon is ready for further studies.

TRECK-O-BOT

Though ladders, lifts helped man in reaching various heights. Neck-wrenching heights increased the risk of people tedious jobs. In order to help people to reach these heights without risking their lives, the concept of a wall climbing robot was coined.

The Problem Definition: To build a robot that can climb the wall and perform the tedious task, which can be operated in our hands.

Description of the Solution: Defying the gravity always been a dream for engineer. To overcome this, the robot is designed to stick the walls using vacuum technology and relies on wheels to navigate on the walls, roofs. The locomotion of the trek o bot is controlled manually with the remote control.

How does it solve the problem and the benefits to the industry and society: The Trek o bot can reach the heights which are difficult for human beings to reach. It can be used for cleaning, Surveillance, wall climbing, painting, etc. Trek o bot is simple to use and operate. This low cost wall climbing robot is designed for commercialization. This wall climbing robot is a boon for people and industry. Thus ultimate robot is here, to help you to reach out .

MOBILE TEMPERATURE TRACKER

This project was designed in an intension of creating a technological device for interaction of some heat characteristics making use of the Mobile Phone through the Bluetooth.

The Problem Definition: Get the fixtures of some dynamic values of a particular organisation’s heat factors and interact them to a mobile phone with the help of the blootooth

Description of the Solution: We have designed a circuit which could identify the heat or the room temperature and acknowledge it to the mobile phone when any changes are occured. This will be transformed to the phone through the bluetooth.

How does it solve the problem and the benefits to the industry and society: This will benifit the industry on a method in which the managerial people can directly manage and manuplate the heat demonstrations of their organization. This project will help to determine the orientation of the factors which are to be transfered directly to the mobile phone with the help of the bluetooth. This project could me more useful for the organisation’s managerial people as they can be involving directly in the company’s proceeding activities

ORIENTATION DETECTION OF SELF- TAPPING SCREW USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

The Problem Definition: In heavy industries much human force is required to fit the parts, consider a CPU s cabinet fitting. So we can reduce this by implementing this technique by which a robot can fit this box automatically by analyzing the angle of the screw. To find the orientation of a screw with reference to our desired axis.

Description of the Solution: The solution is completed by sing the MATLAB Image processing tool box. Here we use the segmentation, morphological processing, object recognition etc.

How does it solve the problem and the benefits to the industry and society: Detection of Real Time Object (Self-tapping screw) Orientation Using Digital Image Processing concept is developed using MATLAB Programming. It is proved to be advantageous in terms of its effectiveness in detecting orientation of objects based on angle made by the major axis with the horizontal line and also displaying the total number of objects in the captured image. By using this concept the time will reduces and also manual intervention can be minimized. At present our project is applied to image consisting of single object. In future this can be extended to find orientation of more than one object in an image. This project can be further enhanced to detect orientation of objects under different ambient light intensities. Also, this project can be further enhanced to detect orientation of movable objects like magneto tactic bacteria. Well we can implement this even in small scale industries so that they don t have to invest much on men force. Even we can start a small fitting industry locally and can be clients for big industries. Not only cabinet but entire range of products like House hold equipments like washing machines, TV s, Fridges, etc.

UNIVERSAL MOBILE AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Our project uses the concept of mobile communication in Universal Automation. Any Electronic device can be operated using a simple mobile phone. Great commercial and economic viability renders this project a very astounding prospect towards cheap automation. It is a step forward to make a smarter living. It has a broad spectrum for usage and it can fulfill a multirole tasking objective. This system involves two mobile phones one of which is the user phone through which the user can perform the desired operation and another phone is attached to the system to receive the call. When the user calls on to the mobile phone , the call is received automatically, the user is now connected to the system, he can now operate all the devices connected to the system. This project involves microcontroller coding, any number of devices can be operated through this system and user can operate all the devices connected to our system through his mobile phone or laptop/computer system with the help of an FM transmitter

The Problem Definition: Cheap automation has always been the need of the hour to improve work efficiency and to save priceless resources like electricity, power, water etc. At present, cheap automation systems for social welfare like serial automation of street lights, control of power wastage in a building through automated controls, control of water wastage etc. are alien concepts for a common man. Our project solves this enigma of automation at a very low cost to make it affordable for even a common man.

Description of the Solution: Our solution to the above problem of cheap and efficient automation for homes, industries, offices and social welfare purposes is through a prototype called Universal Mobile Automation System (UMAS) . A brief description is given as follows-:

Main Circuit This project is based on the principle of DTMF detector and microcontroller interfacing. When the user presses a key on the mobile phone keypad, two signals are generated. One of which goes to the DTMF signal detector and the second signal goes to the ring detector, which is basically an MCT2E optocoupler. Now the microcontroller generates a pulsed signal which shorts the call pick-up key, now a greeting message will be generated by a solid-state voice synthesizer. There are eight Darlington pair amplifiers which then operate the 8 relays connected to the circuit. An FM receiver is also connected through the DTMF decoder IC CM8870. Output of the microcontroller is sent through the HT12E encoder IC which generates the 4-bit output for operating the movement of wireless robot.

PRODUCTION OF NANO- CARBON SHEETS FROM THE EXHAUST PIPES IN INDUSTRIES

Production of Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) from the flue gases emitted by the industries is our main innovation. Normally, CNTs are produced in laboratories, by supplying high temperature(600 degrees), high pressure, Vacuum atmosphere and a continuous source of carbon dioxide, methane i.e. carbon source and hydrogen. All these requirements for the CNT production are available as a waste in the furnaces & exhaust pipes of various industries.

The Problem Definition: The flue gas released by the industry has carbon-dioxide, methane, nitrogen, hydrogen and some particulate matter. The content varies on the type of fuel, but the above mentioned constituents will be mostly present. The furnace operates at very high temperature, pressure and has a naturally generated vacuum atmosphere inside it. The burning of the fuel ensures continuous supply of flue gases. All these conditions present in the industrial furnaces, boilers and exhaust pipes are wasted in the form of energy and matter. Tapping this resource and by modifying the CVD (Combustion Vapour Deposition) method by adequately modifying the substrates, we were able to cultivate Carbon Nanotubes ,an extremely useful commodity with a wide range of applications,successfully. Description of the Solution: We have prepared various substrates during our experiment .They are : 1) Sand covered cement substrate coated with various nano-sized metal oxides. a) Inert substrate: It is cement substrate coated with a layer of SiO2. b) Catalyst: Fe2O3,Fe3O4( Ferrous Oxide nano-particles),CuO(Copper oxide nano particles ),SnO(Tin oxide nano particles),ZnO(Zinc Oxide nano particles),PbO2(Lead Oxide nano particles) and Nickel oxide nano particles were coated over the inert substrate. c) Solution form of the catalysts were coated over the substrates and kept in muffle furnace at 5000C till the catalyst impregnates in the SiO2 pockets. d) Glass substrates were coated with metal oxides by spray pyrolysis .Acetate form of metals acting as a suitable catalysts were taken and coated over the glass substrates which can withstand high temperature(borosilicates). These substrates were introduced into the flow of flue gas in the exhaust pipes which is at high temperature and pressure. By pyrolytic cracking of the flue gas over the catalytic substrate i.e CVD process , we were able to obtain Carbon Nanotubes, with a minimum size of 27nano-metres and average range of 40 to 50nano-metres.

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